Players/The Subterranean Substrate

Confirmed International Peers — China + Russia

Nation-State-Scale Subterranean Architecture Exists

Underground Great Wall of China (PLA Rocket Force): formally state-acknowledged 2009. Georgetown University analysis (Philip Karber 2011) documents 5,000+ km tunnel network. Purpose: transport, store, conceal ICBMs (DF-5 class) enabling mobile survivability against first strike + robust second-strike capability. One country, fully documented.
Yamantau Mountain (Russia, Southern Urals): identified by US intelligence + satellite imagery 1990s. ~400 square miles footprint. 1996 NYT + Gen. Eugene Habiger: 'millions of square feet available for underground facilities.' 1997 US intelligence: extensive excavation + connecting rail lines. Designed to ensure survival of Russian political + military elite during nuclear exchange. Fully corroborated.
Engine read: the confirmed international examples establish that nation-state-scale subterranean architecture is technically + economically feasible. The US / Five-Eyes capability-baseline for analogous work is at minimum equivalent to China's + Russia's. The question shifts from 'is such construction possible' to 'did the US build its analogues covertly, at what scale, and where?'

Also in The Subterranean Substrate

The Documented Public CoreAll PlayersContested Dual-Use Core — Real Sites + Amplified Testimony