Jam v. International Finance Corp. (2019)
Carve-Out Narrowing — Jam v. IFC, int'l-org immunity (2019)
US Supreme Court, 27 Feb 2019 (Roberts, 7-1); held the International Organizations Immunities Act gives international orgs only the RESTRICTIVE immunity foreign sovereigns have under the FSIA — ending the absolute-immunity rule (overturning Atkinson).
Also in The Exemption Fork
Court Jew / Hofjude (appointed-and-discarded financier)Visible-Agent ≠ Author — the appointed-and-discardTrusted Access for Cyber (OpenAI TAC / Anthropic Mythos, 2026)AI-Era Exemption Fork — two-tier 'most-capable accEdict of Expulsion (1290) — Jews from EnglandExemption-Against — Jews / English Crown (1290)Expulsion of the Jews from France (1306) — Philip IVExemption-Against — Jews / French Crown (1306)Alhambra Decree (1492) — Jews from Castile & AragonExemption-Against — Jews / Spanish Crown (1492)Expulsion of the Moriscos (1609-1614) — Philip IIIExemption-Against — Moriscos / Spanish Crown (1609Edict of Fontainebleau (1685) — Revocation of Nantes (Huguenots)Exemption-Against — Huguenots / French Crown (1685Pale of Settlement (1791) — Catherine IIExemption-Against — Jews / Russian Crown (1791)