Tate Letter (1952) — Restrictive Sovereign Immunity
Carve-Out Narrowing — restrictive sovereign immunity (1952)
US State Dept, 19 May 1952; announced the RESTRICTIVE theory of sovereign immunity — immunity for governmental acts (jure imperii) but NOT for commercial/proprietary acts (jure gestionis); codified 1976 in the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA).
Also in The Exemption Fork
Court Jew / Hofjude (appointed-and-discarded financier)Visible-Agent ≠ Author — the appointed-and-discardTrusted Access for Cyber (OpenAI TAC / Anthropic Mythos, 2026)AI-Era Exemption Fork — two-tier 'most-capable accEdict of Expulsion (1290) — Jews from EnglandExemption-Against — Jews / English Crown (1290)Expulsion of the Jews from France (1306) — Philip IVExemption-Against — Jews / French Crown (1306)Alhambra Decree (1492) — Jews from Castile & AragonExemption-Against — Jews / Spanish Crown (1492)Expulsion of the Moriscos (1609-1614) — Philip IIIExemption-Against — Moriscos / Spanish Crown (1609Edict of Fontainebleau (1685) — Revocation of Nantes (Huguenots)Exemption-Against — Huguenots / French Crown (1685Pale of Settlement (1791) — Catherine IIExemption-Against — Jews / Russian Crown (1791)