Mitalipov OHSU Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy
Western academic human-SCNT + germline node — Oregon Health & Science University
Shoukhrat Mitalipov's laboratory is the primary continued US node for human SCNT + germline research. 2013: human SCNT to blastocyst stage (Cell). 2016: spindle-transfer mitochondrial replacement therapy — first live birth executed in Mexico under Dr John Zhang due to FDA appropriations rider prohibiting US germline clinical trials.
2025: Nature Communications + Fertility and Sterility papers advocating targeted CRISPR-Cas9 correction of inherited mutations in preimplantation embryos.
Engine Framing: DNA-as-Transducer divergence substrate instance — enucleated-oocyte reprogramming provides the natural epigenetic-reset environment that biochemical-determinist paradigm cannot model. Continuous Western academic-tier push toward human germline editing; clinical execution migrates offshore.
Also in Cloning Substrate Post-Dolly
Sooam Biotech Research FoundationSubstrate-continuation commercial node — Seoul, 20ViaGen PetsUS commercial pet cloning — Texas, 2015-Sinogene BiotechnologyChinese commercial pet cloning — Beijing, 2017-Trans Ova GeneticsIndustrial-agricultural SCNT — Iowa, 2002-He Jiankui — Post-Prison Disclosure-Window ProbeCRISPR-babies operator → Hainan post-prison continCAS Shanghai Primate SCNT PipelineState-coordinated primate-cloning substrate monopoColossal BiosciencesOperator-class capital de-extinction substrate — T